Core Function
も means "also" or "too" - indicates something additional or similar.
Main Uses
1. Also/Too (Affirmative)
私も学生です
"I'm also a student"
これも好きです
"I like this too"
日本語も勉強します
"I also study Japanese"
2. Neither/Either (Negative)
私も行きません
"I won't go either"
これも分かりません
"I don't understand this either"
3. Emphasis with Numbers
"As many/much as":
3つも買った
"bought as many as 3"
100人も来た
"as many as 100 people came"
10時間も待った
"waited as long as 10 hours"
4. Both... and... (A も B も)
犬も猫も好き
"like both dogs and cats"
日本語も英語も話せる
"can speak both Japanese and English"
Replaces Other Particles
も replaces は, が, を:
私は → 私も (I also)
本が → 本も (book also)
水を → 水も (water also)
But not に, で, へ (combines with them):
学校にも行く - "also go to school"
図書館でも勉強する - "also study at library"
Common Patterns
Single Item
[Noun]も[Verb]
私も行く - "I also go"
Both... and...
[A]も[B]も
犬も猫も - "both dogs and cats"
Negative
[Noun]も[Negative verb]
何も食べない - "don't eat anything"
誰も来ない - "nobody comes"
Emphasis
[Number]も
10個も - "as many as 10"
Special Pattern: 〜も〜ない
With question words means "not any":
何も食べない
"don't eat anything"
誰も来ない
"nobody comes"
どこにも行かない
"don't go anywhere"
Must use negative verb.
Combining with Other Particles
にも - "also to/at"
でも - "also at/by"
からも - "also from"
まで - "even to/until"
学校にも図書館にも行く
"go to both school and library"
Key Takeaways
✓ "Also/too" in affirmative
✓ "Neither/either" in negative
✓ Emphasis with numbers
✓ Replaces は/が/を
✓ Combines with に/で/から
Related: