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Question Patterns

何 (nani/nan) - What

Master 何 (nani/nan) - the Japanese question word for 'what'. Learn when to use nani vs nan and common question patterns.

What is 何 (nani/nan)?

means "what" in Japanese. It has two readings: なに (nani) and なん (nan), and the choice depends on what follows.

何ですか?(なんですか)
"What is it?"

何を食べますか?(なにをたべますか)
"What do you eat?"

When to Use なに (nani) vs なん (nan)

Use なん (nan)

Before certain sounds and in specific patterns:

Before です/だ:

何ですか?(なんですか)
"What is it?"

何だ?(なんだ)
"What is it?"

Before counters:

何人?(なんにん)
"How many people?"

何時?(なんじ)
"What time?"

何月?(なんがつ)
"What month?"

何日?(なんにち)
"What day?"

Before の:

何の本?(なんのほん)
"What book?" / "What kind of book?"

何の映画?(なんのえいが)
"What movie?"

In set phrases:

何色?(なにいろ)
"What color?"

何曜日?(なんようび)
"What day of the week?"

Use なに (nani)

Before particles を, が:

何を食べますか?(なにを)
"What do you eat?"

何が好きですか?(なにが)
"What do you like?"

何か問題がありますか?(なにか)
"Is there any problem?"

Before する:

何をしますか?(なにを)
"What will you do?"

何をしていますか?(なにを)
"What are you doing?"

Standalone:

何?(なに)
"What?"

Common Question Patterns

Asking "What"

何ですか?
"What is it?"

これは何ですか?
"What is this?"

あれは何ですか?
"What is that?"

What + Verb

何を食べますか?
"What do you eat?"

何を見ますか?
"What do you watch?"

何をしますか?
"What do you do?"

何を買いますか?
"What will you buy?"

What + が + Adjective

何が好きですか?
"What do you like?"

何がほしいですか?
"What do you want?"

何がいいですか?
"What is good?"

What kind of

何の本ですか?
"What (kind of) book is it?"

何の映画を見ますか?
"What (kind of) movie will you watch?"

何の仕事をしていますか?
"What (kind of) work do you do?"

With Counters

Time

何時ですか?
"What time is it?"

何時に起きますか?
"What time do you wake up?"

何分かかりますか?
"How many minutes does it take?"

People

何人いますか?
"How many people are there?"

何人家族ですか?
"How many people in your family?"

General

何個ありますか?
"How many (pieces) are there?"

何本ですか?
"How many (long objects)?"

何枚ですか?
"How many (flat objects)?"

Common Expressions

何か (nanika) - Something/Anything

何か食べますか?
"Will you eat something?"

何か飲み物はいかがですか?
"Would you like something to drink?"

何か問題がありますか?
"Is there any problem?"

何も〜ない (nanimo~nai) - Nothing

何も食べていない
"Haven't eaten anything"

何もわからない
"Don't understand anything"

何もない
"There's nothing"

何でも (nandemo) - Anything/Everything

何でもいい
"Anything is fine"

何でも食べる
"I eat anything"

何でもできる
"Can do anything"

何と (nanto) - How/What

Expresses surprise:

何と美しい!
"How beautiful!"

何ということだ!
"What a thing!" / "Oh no!"

Common Conversations

Example 1: Restaurant

A: 何を食べますか?
   "What will you eat?"

B: ラーメンを食べます
   "I'll eat ramen"

A: 何味がいいですか?
   "What flavor is good?"

B: 醤油味がいいです
   "Soy sauce flavor is good"

Example 2: Daily Activities

A: 今日は何をしますか?
   "What will you do today?"

B: 映画を見に行きます
   "I'll go to see a movie"

A: 何の映画ですか?
   "What movie?"

B: アクション映画です
   "It's an action movie"

Example 3: Shopping

A: 何を探していますか?
   "What are you looking for?"

B: プレゼントを探しています
   "I'm looking for a present"

A: 誰へのプレゼントですか?
   "A present for whom?"

B: 母へのプレゼントです
   "A present for my mother"

Common Mistakes

Mistake 1: Wrong reading

Wrong pronunciation: 何を (なんを) ❌
Right: 何を (なにを) ✓
"What (object)"

Wrong pronunciation: 何ですか (なにですか) ❌
Right: 何ですか (なんですか) ✓
"What is it?"

Mistake 2: Using を with です

Wrong: 何をですか? ❌
Right: 何ですか? ✓
"What is it?"

Mistake 3: Forgetting particle

Incomplete: 何食べますか? ⚠️
Better: 何を食べますか? ✓
"What do you eat?"

Asking About Occupation

何の仕事

何の仕事をしていますか?
"What work do you do?"

お仕事は何ですか?
"What is your job?"

Asking for Clarification

Didn't catch what was said

何ですか?
"What (did you say)?"

何と言いましたか?
"What did you say?"

もう一度お願いします
"One more time please"

With Specific Topics

Food

何を食べますか?
"What do you eat?"

何が好きですか?
"What do you like?"

何味がいいですか?
"What flavor is good?"

Activities

何をしますか?
"What do you do?"

何をしていますか?
"What are you doing?"

何をしたいですか?
"What do you want to do?"

Preferences

何が好きですか?
"What do you like?"

何がほしいですか?
"What do you want?"

何色が好きですか?
"What color do you like?"

Politeness Levels

Casual

何?
"What?"

何してる?
"What are you doing?"

何食べる?
"What will you eat?"

Polite

何ですか?
"What is it?"

何をしていますか?
"What are you doing?"

何を食べますか?
"What will you eat?"

Very Polite

何でしょうか?
"What might it be?"

何をなさっていますか?
"What are you doing?" (honorific)

Practice Sentences

Basic Questions

これは何ですか?
"What is this?"

何を食べますか?
"What do you eat?"

何が好きですか?
"What do you like?"

何時ですか?
"What time is it?"

With Activities

今何をしていますか?
"What are you doing now?"

週末は何をしますか?
"What will you do on the weekend?"

何の本を読んでいますか?
"What book are you reading?"

With Preferences

何色が好きですか?
"What color do you like?"

何の映画が好きですか?
"What movies do you like?"

何が食べたいですか?
"What do you want to eat?"

Common Phrases

何か飲みますか?
"Will you drink something?"

何もわかりません
"I don't understand anything"

何でもいいです
"Anything is fine"

何と言いましたか?
"What did you say?"
  • Question Words (5W1H) - Overview
  • Counters - Using 何 with counters
  • か (ka) - Question particle
  • Yes/No Questions - Question formation
  • 何か/何も/何でも - Something/nothing/anything
  • Particles - を, が with question words