What is 回 (かい)?
回 (kai) is the counter for times, occurrences, or frequency of actions. It answers "how many times?"
日本に3回行きました
"I went to Japan 3 times"
1日に何回食べますか?
"How many times a day do you eat?"
Complete 回 Counter Chart
| Number | Reading | Romaji |
|---|---|---|
| 1 回 | いっかい | ikkai |
| 2 回 | にかい | ni-kai |
| 3 回 | さんかい | san-kai |
| 4 回 | よんかい | yon-kai |
| 5 回 | ごかい | go-kai |
| 6 回 | ろっかい | rokkai |
| 7 回 | ななかい | nana-kai |
| 8 回 | はちかい/はっかい | hachi-kai |
| 9 回 | きゅうかい | kyuu-kai |
| 10 回 | じゅっかい | jukkai |
Larger Numbers
11回 = じゅういっかい
20回 = にじゅっかい
50回 = ごじゅっかい
100回 = ひゃっかい
1,000回 = せんかい
Sound Changes
Minimal sound changes:
- 1 回 = いっかい (っ inserted)
- 6 回 = ろっかい (っ inserted)
- 8 回 = はちかい or はっかい
- 10 回 = じゅっかい
Much simpler than 本, 匹, or 杯!
What to Count with 回
Actions/Activities
行く - going
来る - coming
見る - watching/seeing
食べる - eating
飲む - drinking
会う - meeting
読む - reading
言う - saying
映画を3回見ました
"I watched the movie 3 times"
日本に5回行きました
"I've been to Japan 5 times"
もう一回言ってください
"Please say it one more time"
Events/Occurrences
試験 (しけん) - exams
会議 (かいぎ) - meetings
練習 (れんしゅう) - practice
授業 (じゅぎょう) - classes
イベント - events
会議が1日に3回あります
"There are 3 meetings a day"
試験に2回失敗しました
"I failed the exam 2 times"
Frequency Patterns
1日に〜回 - times per day
1週間に〜回 - times per week
1ヶ月に〜回 - times per month
1年に〜回 - times per year
1日に3回食べます
"I eat 3 times a day"
週に2回ジムに行きます
"I go to the gym twice a week"
月に1回映画を見ます
"I watch a movie once a month"
年に4回旅行します
"I travel 4 times a year"
Asking "How Many Times?"
何回 (なんかい)
何回行きましたか?
"How many times did you go?"
何回見ましたか?
"How many times did you watch it?"
1日に何回食べますか?
"How many times a day do you eat?"
何回練習しましたか?
"How many times did you practice?"
Common Patterns
Action + 回 + Verb
3回行きました
"I went 3 times"
5回見ました
"I watched it 5 times"
2回読みました
"I read it 2 times"
Time Period + に + 回
1日に3回
"3 times a day"
週に2回
"Twice a week"
月に1回
"Once a month"
年に何回も
"Many times a year"
回 + の + Noun
3回の練習
"3 practice sessions"
2回の試験
"2 exams"
5回の会議
"5 meetings"
Common Conversations
Example 1: Travel
A: 日本に何回行ったことがありますか?
"How many times have you been to Japan?"
B: 3回行ったことがあります
"I've been 3 times"
A: いいですね!
"That's great!"
Example 2: Movies
A: この映画、何回見ましたか?
"How many times have you watched this movie?"
B: もう5回も見ました
"I've already watched it 5 times"
A: そんなに面白いんですか?
"Is it that interesting?"
B: はい、とても面白いです
"Yes, it's very interesting"
Example 3: Exercise
A: 週に何回運動しますか?
"How many times a week do you exercise?"
B: 週に3回ぐらいです
"About 3 times a week"
A: すごいですね
"That's impressive"
Example 4: Studying
A: この単語、何回練習しましたか?
"How many times did you practice this word?"
B: 10回練習しました
"I practiced it 10 times"
A: それでも覚えられませんか?
"Still can't remember it?"
B: はい、難しいです
"Yes, it's difficult"
Special Expressions
もう一回 (one more time)
Very common expression:
もう一回言ってください
"Please say it one more time"
もう一回見たい
"I want to see it one more time"
もう一回やってみます
"I'll try one more time"
〜回目 (ordinal)
1回目 (いっかいめ) - the first time
2回目 (にかいめ) - the second time
3回目 (さんかいめ) - the third time
これは2回目です
"This is the second time"
3回目で成功しました
"I succeeded on the third try"
何回も (many times)
何回も言いました
"I said it many times"
何回も行ったことがあります
"I've been many times"
何回も失敗しました
"I failed many times"
〜回ずつ (each time)
一回ずつやってください
"Please do it one time each"
10回ずつ練習します
"Practice 10 times each"
〜回しか (only)
1回しか行ったことがない
"I've only been once"
2回しか見ていません
"I've only seen it twice"
〜回も (as many as)
10回も見た
"I watched it as many as 10 times"
5回も失敗した
"I failed as many as 5 times"
回 vs 度 (ど)
Both mean "times" but have different uses:
回 (かい) - Counting occurrences
1回、2回、3回... (いっかい、にかい、さんかい)
Used for: counting specific instances
日本に3回行きました
"I went to Japan 3 times"
度 (ど) - Also times, but different nuance
一度 (いちど) - once
二度 (にど) - twice
三度 (さんど) - three times
More literary, often in set phrases:
一度も〜ない - never (not even once)
何度も - many times
もう一度 - one more time
Usage Comparison
Both OK:
もう一回 = もう一度 (one more time)
何回も = 何度も (many times)
回 preferred:
1日に3回 ✓
1日に3度 ⚠️ (less common)
度 preferred:
一度も行ったことがない ✓
"I've never been" (not even once)
Common Mistakes
Mistake 1: Confusing 回 with 階 (floors)
Both read かい but different meanings:
3回 = さんかい (3 times) ✓
3階 = さんがい (3rd floor) ✓
Context makes it clear!
Mistake 2: Using wrong particle
Wrong: 週で2回 ❌
Right: 週に2回 ✓
"Twice a week"
Mistake 3: Forgetting the counter
Wrong: 3行きました ❌
Right: 3回行きました ✓
"I went 3 times"
Mistake 4: Using 回 for duration
Wrong: 2回時間がかかる ❌
Right: 2時間かかる ✓
"It takes 2 hours"
回 = times/occurrences
時間 = hours/time duration
Formal vs Casual
Casual
何回行った?
"How many times did you go?"
3回見た
"I watched it 3 times"
もう一回!
"One more time!"
Polite
何回行きましたか?
"How many times did you go?"
3回見ました
"I watched it 3 times"
もう一回お願いします
"One more time, please"
Formal
何回お越しになりましたか?
"How many times have you come?" (honorific)
会議は月に2回ございます
"There are 2 meetings per month"
Practice Sentences
Basic
映画を2回見ました
"I watched the movie twice"
日本に3回行きました
"I went to Japan 3 times"
もう一回言ってください
"Please say it one more time"
Intermediate
1日に何回歯を磨きますか?
"How many times a day do you brush your teeth?"
週に3回ジムに行きます
"I go to the gym 3 times a week"
この本を5回も読みました
"I've read this book as many as 5 times"
Advanced
彼女に何回も電話したが、出なかった
"I called her many times, but she didn't answer"
一度も日本に行ったことがありません
"I've never been to Japan (not even once)"
3回目の挑戦でやっと成功しました
"I finally succeeded on my third attempt"
Related Grammar Points
- Counter System Basics - How counters work
- Frequency expressions - How often
- Time expressions - When and how long
- 度 (do) - Alternative times counter
- 〜ことがある - Experience expression
- Time particles - に、で usage